Study of CO₂ mineralization and storage mechanism in basalt and sandstone

Anthropogenic emissions of CO₂ pose a serious threat to the human living environment and lead to significant changes in the ecosystem. Geological storage, which has been proposed in recent years as one of the technologies to deal with excess CO₂ in the atmosphere, can be categorized into physical storage, which relies on the physical properties of the pores of the reservoir rock, and chemical storage, which is realized through the reaction of CO₂ with the surrounding rocks. The chemical method of mineralized storage utilizes the process of converting CO₂ into stable solid carbonates to achieve the goal of long-term storage, which is regarded as the safest and most stable storage technology. By discussing the principle and potential of CO₂ mineralization, we comparatively analyzed the reaction mechanisms, influencing factors, mineralization rates, and storage capacities in different rocks, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of CO₂ mineralization in basalt and sandstone. Combined with two basalt mineralization demonstration projects that have been successfully implemented globally at present, we put forward the ideas and prospects for CO₂ mineralization and storage in clastic rock reservoirs.