Research progress and countermeasures on geological hazards induced by extreme storms in the Yellow River Delta

Under the influence of global climate change, the frequency and harmfulness level of extreme storm events in estuarine deltaic and coastal areas are increasing. In storm events, seabed sediments produce dynamic responses including pressure consolidation, liquefaction, and fluidization under wave stress, resulting in a series of impact on engineering geological properties, such as particle size composition, mechanical strength, and hierarchical structure. These dynamic responses induce marine geological disasters such as erosion and landslide, which seriously affect the stability of marine engineering construction and the safety of ecological environment. The special geographical location, climatic features, and sedimentary characteristics of the Yellow River Delta make it one of the areas where marine geological disasters happen most frequently in China. Thus it is an ideal background and unique testing ground for the study of geological disaster mechanism and its prevention and control under extreme storm events. In recent years, in the field of marine engineering geology, many studies have been carried out on the interaction between storm hydrodynamic force and seabed sediment, and on the mechanism of disaster. In particular, important innovative achievements have been made in characterization and mechanism of disaster development, quantitative evaluation on seabed liquefaction, erosion, deformation and sliding induced by extreme storms. It provides theoretical guidance for marine engineering geological evaluation and disaster prevention and/or mitigation under the global climate background. In the future, we should further strengthen the interdisciplinary and industry-university-institute cooperation, strive for breakthroughs in the chain-generation mechanism of marine geological disaster, comprehensive disaster monitoring and early warning technology, and marine engineering disaster prevention and control technology, and improve persistently China's ability of marine geological disaster response.