Abstract: The article deals with the taxonomy of microbes and study progress of its application to environmental remediation. Presented in this paper are also some research results on sewage treatment, red-tide management and petro-chemical pollution mediation with special cases. Regarding the severe environmental problems in China, the authors suggest that microbial remediation should be adopted to manage the environmental pollution in Chinese waters. As a conclusion, the authors believe that the technology will have a vast market and development potential.