Abstract: The development of ultra-deepwater oil and gas resources is crucial to the national energy security. However, core drilling and completion equipment relies on imports at present, posing a “choke point” risk. Based on the Incopat global patent database, we systematically analyzed the patent layout of key technologies including drilling platforms, subsea production systems, and intelligent equipment using quantitative statistics, text mining, citation networks, and technology-effectiveness matrices. We found that global patent applications progressed in stages, and China and the United States are the leading innovators. Domestic institutions lag international leaders in patent quality, core technology innovation, and system integration, but have opportunities in emerging cross-disciplinary fields such as intelligence and green technology. It is suggested that through design avoidance, cooperative innovation, and forward-looking layout, breakthroughs in domestic equipment technology and self-reliance can be achieved.