走滑伴生断裂构造断裂力学分析及其指示意义以渤海盆地庙西南凸起为例

    Failure mechanism of secondary fractures associated with strike slip fault and its stress field implication: a case study of Miaoxinan Uplift, Bohai Bay Basin

    • 摘要: 走滑断裂系统中伴生断裂发育产状和规模受主走滑断裂附近的应力场控制,研究伴生断裂的几何形态能够定量评价主走滑断裂附近的力学特征。文中引入断裂力学理论,建立地质力学模型定量评价伴生断裂典型几何特征与应力场之间的关系。理想状态下走滑断裂的位移量在其主体段近似一致,而在走滑断裂的末端则逐渐由两侧岩体变形吸收。在走滑断裂主体段与末端分别选取线弹性物理模型和内聚力模型进行探讨,计算不同应力场条件下伴生断裂发育的几何特征,将研究区伴生断裂几何特征与计算结果进行对比,可得到主走滑断裂的应力场特征。研究结果表明:走滑断裂系统中伴生断裂与走滑之间的夹角可以反映走滑附近剪应力与正应力之间的配比关系;庙西南凸起蓬莱20-A构造北高点位于走滑末端区域,尽管该高点走滑位移量和断距较小,但伴生断裂角度特征显示该区具有一定的挤压作用,加上该区位于呈右行左阶走滑带叠覆区,控制圈闭形成的同时,保障了该区侧封条件。该研究结果有助于理解走滑断裂系伴生断裂发育机理,为合理解释渤海庙西南凸起走滑伴生断裂几何学及应力场特征提供了定量化研究的新思路。

       

      Abstract: Formation of secondary tensile fractures can be attributed to stress perturbations that developed around the preexisting main strike slip fault. These secondary fractures are generally oriented oblique to the pre-existing flaw, and their orientations tend to follow a striking similar pattern. To further study the common features of the secondary faults, fracture mechanics were used to interpret stress field conditions responsible for secondary fractures that adorn the major strike-slip fault. In our study, a tentative geomechanical model is conceived, by evaluating the correlation between their geometric information and local stress state. Ideally, homogeneous displacement is considered along the main part of large-scale strike-slip faults. As for the end zone, appropriate assumption has been made to avoid the presence of stress singularity, that displacement is absorbed by surrounding rock mass, which is referred to viscoelastic behavior of the rock. Hence LEFM (linear elastic fracture mechanism) and CEZ (cohesive end zone) model deriving from fracture mechanics were respectively chosen in our research when dealing with different part of strike-slip fault. Results show that the angle between the main strike-slip fault and secondary fracture is related to the ratio of the shear stress responsible for the fracture to the normal stress responsible for the opening of the fracture. Apply these research achievements to the Miaoxinan uplift, although the strike-slip displacement and fault throw at northern high area of Penglai 20-2 are relatively small, the characteristics of the associated fracture angles indicate compressional stress state in the area. Additionally, the region is situated in an overlapping zone of a dextral left-stepping strike-slip fault system, which not only controls the formation of structural traps, but also ensures effective sealing conditions in the area. This technique provides quantitative interpretation of stress states responsible for the development of secondary fractures and has favorable application prospect in Miaoxinan uplift henceforth.

       

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