海中凹陷北部陡坡带涠洲组滩坝沉积规律及主控因素

    Sedimentation patterns and main controlling factors of the Weizhou Formation beach-bar deposits on the northern steep slope zone of the Haizhong Depression

    • 摘要: 针对海中凹陷北部陡坡带前期三角洲沉积模式与最新钻井认识不符的问题,本文以H3X和H301井为核心,综合岩芯、测井、地震与粒度数据,结合物源、古地貌与古水深约束,重建滩坝沉积体系并分析其主控因素。结果表明,涠洲组普遍发育砂-泥薄互层,厚层箱形/钟形厚层砂体缺失;测井以指形/漏斗形的高频叠置为主;地震相为中-弱振幅、短轴不连续与杂乱/丘状反射,指示典型滩坝特征。结合典型沉积构造与粒度资料,研究区滩坝可划分为沿岸滩坝、近岸滩坝及受风暴影响的远岸滩坝。物源主要来自北侧涠洲油田辫状河三角洲前缘砂体经波浪改造后的远距供砂,并叠加涠西南低凸起基底剥蚀颗粒。沉积期海3、海4构造区为水下低隆,3号断裂虽分隔南北沉积格局但未阻断物质跨断裂输运,低隆区成为卸载聚砂带。古生物、波痕参数与相序厚度三法联合反演显示:0~4 m以沿岸坝为主,4~8 m近岸坝发育,8~11 m远岸坝占优。基于此,建立了“物源-古隆起-古水深”共控的滩坝沉积模式,为海中凹陷滩坝型储层识别、主控因素分析与平面预测提供依据,并可推广至同类陆相断陷湖盆。

       

      Abstract: Addressing the mismatch between the traditional delta model and new well evidence from the northern steep slope of the Haizhong Depression, this study centers on Wells H3X and H301 and integrates core observations, well logs, seismic facies, and grain-size data, with additional constraints from provenance, paleogeomorphology, and paleowater depth, to reconstruct a beach bar-dominated system and evaluate its controls. Results show that the Weizhou Formation commonly develops interval sand–mud thin interbeds, with thick box/bell-shaped channel sands absent; log responses are dominated by high-frequency finger- and funnel-shaped motifs; seismic facies are characterized by moderate-low amplitudes, short-axis discontinuity, and chaotic/hummock-like reflections—diagnostic of beach bar deposits. Combining diagnostic sedimentary structures and grain-size evidence, the system is subdivided into alongshore, nearshore, and storm-influenced offshore beach bars. Provenance derives mainly from wave-reworked, far-traveled sands of the braided-delta front in the Weizhou Oilfield to the north, supplemented by basement-derived detritus from the Weixinan low uplift. During deposition, the Hai-3 and Hai-4 structures formed subaqueous low-relief highs; although Fault 3 segmented the north-south depositional pattern, cross-fault sediment supply persisted, and these lows acted as sand unload/accumulation sites. Joint paleodepth inversion (paleontology, wave-ripple parameters, and facies-thickness stacking) indicates alongshore beach bars at ~0–3 m water depth, nearshore beach bars at ~3–8 m, and offshore beach bars at ~8–11 m. We propose a “source-paleohigh-paleowater depth” co-control model for beach bar deposition, providing a basis for beach bar-type reservoir identification, key-control analysis, and map-scale prediction in the Haizhong Depression, with applicability to analogous lacustrine rift basins.

       

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