西湖凹陷杭州斜坡带超深层CO2成因与成藏主控因素

    Genesis and main controlling factors of ultra-deep CO2 accumulation in the Hangzhou Slope Zone of the Xihu Sag

    • 摘要: 在传统认识下,东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷西部斜坡有机成因的天然气中CO2含量较低,多为2%~3%,主要来自干酪根热降解或微生物活动。然而,在杭州斜坡带油气勘探开发实践中,部分天然气藏CO2含量可达到5%~7%,这一非烃气占比在储量资源评价中需重点考虑经济性影响。为理清不同类型CO2成因和分布规律,降低勘探开发风险,本文通过对比重点油气田区域地质背景、天然气地球化学特征等因素,论证了天然气中CO2的主要来源,探讨不同成因CO2的典型特征及分布规律。研究表明:①杭州斜坡带气田中少量无机成因的CO2碳同位素值(\textδ^13 \mathrmC_\mathrmCO_2 )主要分布在−5.7‰~−3.4‰之间,属壳源无机成因,与有机成因甲烷混合形成混合成因气藏;②深层—超深层气藏中CO2含量超过5%的区域,大多与壳内火山岩浆活动范围吻合。笔者创新构建了杭州斜坡带CO2壳内火山岩“中转站”阶梯式输导模式,CO2等非烃气体通过基底大断裂沟通火山岩“中转站”向上输导,于断层与储层交汇部位聚集成藏。该模式揭示了壳内火山岩在CO2成藏中的“非高效中转”作用,难以形成高纯度CO2气藏;③杭州斜坡带无机成因CO2的发现,进一步丰富了东海油气藏中CO2成因认识,明确了东海陆架盆地不同成因CO2的鉴别关键指标,为西湖凹陷潜山等超深层勘探领域提供了重要依据。

       

      Abstract: Under traditional understanding, the CO2 content in organically generated natural gas in the western slope of the Xihu Sag, East China Sea shelf basin is relatively low, ranging mostly from 2% to 3%. This CO2 mainly originates from kerogen thermal degradation or microbial activities. However, in the practice of oil and gas exploration and development in the Hangzhou Slope Zone, the CO2 content in some natural gas reservoirs reached 5% to 7%. The proportion of this non-hydrocarbon gas requires focused consideration in its economic impact on reserve resource evaluation. To clarify the genesis and distribution patterns of different types of CO2 and reduce exploration and development risks, in this study, we demonstrated the main sources of CO2 in natural gas and clarified the typical characteristics and distribution rules of CO2 of different genesis by comparing factors such as the regional geological background of key oil and gas fields and the geochemical characteristics of natural gas. Results show that: ① The carbon isotope values (\textδ^13 \mathrmC_\mathrmCO_2 ) of the small amount of inorganic CO2 in the gas fields were mainly between −5.7‰ and −3.4‰. This CO2 is of crust-derived inorganic origin and formed mixed-genesis gas reservoirs when mixed with organically generated methane. ② Most areas in the deep to ultra-deep gas reservoirs where the CO2 content exceeds 5% coincide with the scope of intra-crustal volcanic magmatic activities. The authors innovatively constructed a "transfer station" stepped migration model for intra-crustal volcanic rocks related to CO2 in the Hangzhou Slope Zone. Non-hydrocarbon gases such as CO2 migrate upward through major basement faults connecting volcanic rock "transfer stations" and accumulate to form reservoirs at the intersection of faults and reservoirs. This model reveals the "inefficient transfer" role of intra-crustal volcanic rocks in CO2 reservoir formation, making it difficult to form high-purity CO2 gas reservoirs. ③ The discovery of inorganic CO2 in the Hangzhou Slope Zone deepened our understanding of CO2 genesis in oil and gas reservoirs of the East China Sea, clarified the key identification indicators for CO2 of different genesis in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, and provided an important basis for the exploration in ultra-deep areas such as buried hills in the Xihu Sag.

       

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