走滑伴生断裂构造断裂力学分析及其指示意义以渤海盆地庙西南凸起为例

    Failure mechanism of secondary fractures associated with strike slip fault and its stress field implication: a case study of Miaoxinan Uplift, Bohai Bay Basin

    • 摘要: 走滑断裂系统中伴生断裂发育产状和规模受主走滑断裂附近的应力场控制,研究伴生断裂的几何形态能够定量评价主走滑断裂附近的力学特征。文中引入断裂力学理论,建立地质力学模型定量评价伴生断裂典型几何特征与应力场之间的关系。理想状态下走滑断裂的位移量在其主体段近似一致,而在走滑断裂的末端则逐渐由两侧岩体变形吸收。在走滑断裂主体段与末端分别选取线弹性物理模型和内聚力模型进行探讨,计算不同应力场条件下伴生断裂发育的几何特征,将研究区伴生断裂几何特征与计算结果进行对比,可得到主走滑断裂的应力场特征。结果表明:走滑断裂系统中伴生断裂与走滑之间的夹角可以反映走滑附近剪应力与正应力之间的配比关系;庙西南凸起蓬莱20-A构造北高点位于走滑末端区域,尽管该高点走滑位移量和断距较小,但伴生断裂角度特征显示该区具有一定的挤压作用,且该区位于呈右行左阶走滑带叠覆区,控制圈闭形成的同时,保障了该区侧封条件。该研究结果有助于理解走滑断裂系伴生断裂发育机理,为进一步解释渤海庙西南凸起走滑伴生断裂几何学及应力场特征提供了定量化研究的新思路。

       

      Abstract: Formation of secondary tensile fractures can be attributed to stress perturbations that developed around pre-existing main strike slip fault. These secondary fractures are generally oriented oblique to the pre-existing flaw, and their orientations tend to follow a striking similar pattern. To further study the common features of the secondary fracture, fracture mechanics were used to interpret stress field conditions responsible for the secondary fractures of the major strike-slip fault. A tentative geomechanical model was established by evaluating the correlation between their geometric information and local stress state. An ideal homogeneous displacement was considered along the main part of large-scale strike-slip faults. In an ideal state, the displacement of a strike slip fault is approximately the same in its main section, while at the end of the strike slip fault, it is gradually absorbed by the deformation of the rock masses on both sides, which is referred to viscoelastic behavior of the rock. The LEFM (linear elastic fracture mechanism) and CEZ (cohesive end zone) models in fracture mechanics were applied for the main section and the end of strike-slip fault, respectively. Results show that the angle between secondary fracture and strike slip in a strike slip fault system can reflect the proportional relationship between shear stress and normal stress near strike slip. The northern high area of the Penglai 20-A Structure in the Miaoxinan Uplift is located in the strike slip end area. By applying these research achievements to the Miaoxinan uplift, although the strike-slip displacement and fault throw in the northern high area of Penglai 20-2 Structure are relatively small, the characteristics of the secondary fracture angles indicate compressional stress state of the area. Additionally, the region sit on a imbricated zone of dextral left-stepping strike-slip fault system, which not only controls the formation of structural traps, but also ensures effective side sealing conditions in the area. The research results contribute to the understanding of the development mechanism of associated faults in strike slip fault systems, providing a new quantitative approach for the rational explanation of the geometry and stress field of the secondary fractures in the Miaoxinan Uplift.

       

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