斜坡背景下受潮汐影响的辫状河三角洲沉积特征以西湖凹陷西斜坡带古近系平湖组为例

    Sedimentary characteristics of braided river deltas affected by tides under a slope background: a case study of the Paleogene Pinghu Formation in the western slope zone of the Xihu Sag

    • 摘要: 西湖凹陷西斜坡带的平湖组是碎屑岩油气勘探的重点区域。平湖组沉积期处于海陆过渡带,目前学界对其沉积环境及相类型划分存在争议。为揭示该区域沉积环境与砂体分布规律,本文综合钻井、测井、岩心、地震等资料,系统分析平湖组沉积特征,结果显示:①平湖组兼具辫状河三角洲与潮坪沉积特征,识别出分流河道、分流河道间、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、远砂坝、前三角洲泥、砂坪、砂泥混合坪、泥坪共10种沉积类型。② 研究区西北部到东南部主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积;受潮汐影响的三角洲沉积;潮坪沉积,发育经潮汐改造的水下分流河道。③ 平湖组沉积前期为海侵阶段,研究区以潮汐作用为主,对三角洲改造作用增强,潮坪规模较大;后期进入海退阶段,主要受河流作用控制,潮汐对辫状河三角洲影响较小,三角洲向研究区东南部推进。该研究结果可为西湖凹陷的油气勘探提供地质依据。

       

      Abstract: The Pinghu Formation in the western slope zone of the Xihu Sag is a key area for clastic rock oil and gas exploration. During the sedimentary period of the Pinghu Formation, this area was located in the Continental-marine Transitional Zone. Currently, there are still disputes in the academic community regarding the division of its sedimentary environment and facies types. In order to reveal the sedimentary environment and the distribution pattern of sand bodies in this area, this paper systematically analyzes the sedimentary characteristics of the Pinghu Formation by integrating data from drilling, logging, core samples, and seismic surveys. The results are as follows: ①. The Pinghu Formation has both the sedimentary characteristics of braided river deltas and tidal flats. Ten sedimentary types have been identified, including distributary channels, inter-distributary channels, subaqueous distributary channels, inter-subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bars, distal bars, prodelta mud, sand flats, sandy-muddy mixed flats, and mud flats. ② In the northwestern part of the study area, braided river deltas are mainly developed; in the central part, the deltas are affected by tides, resulting in the development of subaqueous distributary channels that have been modified by tides; in the southeastern part, tidal flats are developed. ③ In the early sedimentary stage of the Pinghu Formation, it was in a transgressive stage. In the study area, tidal action was dominant, and the modification effect of tides on the delta was enhanced, leading to a relatively large scale of tidal flats. In the later stage, it entered a regressive stage, mainly controlled by fluvial action. The influence of tides on the braided river delta was relatively small, and the delta advanced towards the southeastern part of the study area.

       

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