惠州凹陷断裂几何学特征及成因机制

    Geometrical characteristics and genesis mechanism of Huizhou Sag rupture

    • 摘要: 惠州凹陷作为珠江口盆地珠一坳陷带内重要的富烃凹陷,其断裂系统的几何学特征及成因机制对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。本文基于高精度三维地震资料与地震测线解析,在前人研究的基础上,结合区域构造演化背景,系统分析了惠州凹陷不同级别断裂的平面及剖面几何特征,并探讨了不同走向断裂的成因差异及其对油气成藏的影响。研究表明:①研究区断裂以伸展正断层为主,可大体分为3个级别。剖面上,一级断裂以高角度铲式、板式及坡坪式为典型,二、三级断裂多为直立板式,组合样式多出现“Y”形、多米诺式、“X”形、人字形、入字形等。平面上,一级断裂走向有NE、NW、近EW向,呈右旋斜列式展布;二级断裂走向以NW向为主,三级断裂走向以NW、近EW向为主,呈雁列式展布;②断裂系统受控于基底断裂继承性与多期应力场叠加。燕山期NE—SW向基底断裂活化形成NE和NW向断裂;裂陷晚期应力场旋转诱发近EW向断裂发育;构造活化期断裂叠加右旋走滑改造;③NE向断裂主导早期垂向运移,EW向断裂驱动晚期成藏,NW向断裂调节圈闭形成。研究成果揭示了多期构造活动对断裂几何特征的控制机理,为未来惠州凹陷油气资源勘探开发提供科学依据。

       

      Abstract: As an important hydrocarbon-rich sag in the Zhuyi Depression of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Estuary Basin, the geometric features and genesis mechanism of the Huizhou Sag are of key significance for hydrocarbon exploration and development. Based on high-precision 3D seismic data and seismic line analysis, we systematically analyzed the planar and geometric features of faults in different orders in the Huizhou Sag based on previous studies in the context of the tectonic evolution of the region, and explored the differences in genesis of faults in different orientations and their impact on oil and gas formation and reservoirs. Result shows that: ① The faults in the study area are mainly extensional normal faults, which can be roughly divided into three orders in size. In profile, the first-order faults are typical high-angle listric type, plate type, and sloping type, while the second- and third-order faults are mostly upright plate-type or mixed styles of Y-shaped, domino-typed, X-shaped, herringbone-shaped, and λ-shaped. On the plane, the first order faults are orientated in NE, NW, or near EW in right-handed en-echelon style; the second-order ones are mainly in NW, and third-order ones are in en-echelon style in mainly NW and near EW; ② The fault system is controlled by the succession of basement faults and the superposition of multi-staged stress field. During the Yanshanian Period, the NE–SW-oriented basement faults were reactivated to form NE and NW oriented faults. During the late rifting period, the stress field rotated, which induced the development of near EW-oriented faults; and during the tectonic reactivation period, faults were superimposed by the dextral strike-slip modification;③ NE-directed faults dominated the vertical transport in early stage; EW-directed faults drove the late reservoir formation; and NW-directed faults regulated the trap formation. This research revealed the control mechanism of multi-phase tectonic movements on the geometric features of faults, and provided a scientific basis for the future exploration and development of oil and gas resources in Huizhou Sag.

       

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