Abstract: With the popularization and application of the new autonomous and remotely-operated vehicles (ARVs) in deep-sea mining areas, deep-sea submersibles and surface-supported mother ships need to be accurately interconnected during the entire underwater operation. Underwater navigation technology has become the key to improving underwater safety and energy efficiency of equipment. Aiming at the comprehensive application of the 6000-m hybrid ARV of “Wenhai No.1”, the first set of deep-sea land survey engineering application in China, the key technical achievements and development trends of underwater navigation technology at home and abroad were summarized. By focusing on the demand and expansion of inertial-acoustic navigation technology in different application scenarios of ARV, the methods and ideas of the construction of ocean sound velocity field, underwater position enhancement service, and elastic integrated navigation model were reviewed. Finally, to better serve the construction of “transparent ocean” and “smart ocean” combined with engineering applications, the possibility of deep integration and upgrading of underwater navigation systems was discussed.