海上深层低渗气田精细地震成像处理关键技术及应用

    Key technologies and applications of fine seismic imaging processing for deep sea low-permeability gas fields

    • 摘要: A气田位于东海盆地西湖凹陷内,所在海域水深 为90~110 m,主要气藏埋深均在海拔4 000 m以深,气田现有的叠前深度偏移(prestack depth migration, PSDM)地震资料在小断层识别、储层内幕刻画、钻井深度预测等方面均存在不足,亟需开展针对性的地震资料重处理,以改善地震资料品质、提高低渗气藏描述精度,推动气田高效开发。基于原始地震数据,在开展海域噪声压制、源缆鬼波压制、浅水多次波压制的基础上,重点开展了精细地震成像处理,主要包括:高精度速度分析、弯曲射线Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移、全局寻优网格层析速度反演、井震联合各向异性速度建模、Kirchhoff各向异性叠前深度偏移。通过以上精细地震处理,地震资料信噪比和分辨率明显提高,深层地震成像能量更聚焦,深层断层成像和储层内幕更清晰;基于成像处理的地震速度开展钻前深度预测,与实际钻井层位标定深度更接近。新处理资料应用表明,以上精细成像处理技术及流程对海上深层低渗气田地震资料改善作用明显,可在相似区块进行推广应用。

       

      Abstract: The A gas field lies in the Xihu Sag of East China Sea Basin, with water depths of 90–110 m. Its main gas layers are buried over 4,000 m below sea level. Current prestack depth migration (PSDM) seismic data struggles to detect small faults, map detailed reservoir features, and predict drilling depths accurately. Reprocessing the seismic data is critical to improve image quality and support gas field development. Based on raw seismic data, the reprocessing workflow prioritized noise suppression in marine environments, source-receiver ghost wave attenuation, and shallow-water multiple wave suppression. Key steps of seismic signal processing included: high-precision velocity analysis, curved-ray Kirchhoff prestack time migration, globally optimized grid tomography velocity inversion, well-seismic joint anisotropic velocity modeling, and Kirchhoff anisotropic prestack depth migration. The reprocessed data shows clearer images with less background noise, better-defined faults, and more accurate reservoir details in deep zones and drilling depth predictions. This workflow can effectively enhance seismic data for deep and low-permeability gas fields, and thus can be adapted to similar offshore projects.

       

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