浙江朱家尖岛东南沙滩群地形年际变化特征及影响因素

    Inter-annual morphological evolution characteristics and impact factors of the south-eastern sandy beaches of Zhujiajian Island, Zhejiang Province

    • 摘要: 为探究浙江朱家尖东南沙滩群的地形变化特征及影响因素,于2012年11月至2015年11月开展了6次沙滩剖面地形观测。结果显示,在人为补沙前,各沙滩地形呈现明显的季节性变化特征:夏秋台风季后至冬季结束,沙滩中上部显著淤积,最大淤积高度达0.97 m,沙滩顶部及底部轻微侵蚀,侵蚀深度基本<0.3 m,东沙北部及南沙南部剖面形成明显滩肩;春季始至夏秋台风季前,沙滩中部侵蚀,最大侵蚀深度约0.8 m,上部和下部淤积,淤积高度在0.5 m以内;夏秋台风季内,各沙滩中上部剧烈侵蚀,最大侵蚀深度超过1.0 m,下部淤积,最大淤积高度在0.45 m左右,剖面坡度减小,形成典型的风暴型剖面。2012年11月—2015年11月,东沙南部和南沙北部年际地形变化较强,存在侵蚀风险,局部侵蚀深度超过1.0 m;千沙、里沙和青沙地形变化介于−0.6~0.4 m,整体处于动态平衡。此外,沙滩的冲淤过程受波浪和潮流共同控制,地貌条件和人类活动进一步影响各个沙滩的地形演变。其中,东沙受到两侧岬角的遮蔽作用更弱,水动力作用更强,地形冲淤变化相对更剧烈。人类活动可能是引起东沙和南沙侵蚀风险的重要原因,科学规划人工护岸修建对于维持沙滩自然动态平衡有重要意义。

       

      Abstract: In order to investigate the morphological evolution characteristics and impact factors of the southeastern sandy beaches in Zhujiajian, Zhejiang, six topographic surveys of bed profiles were conducted during November 2012-November 2015. Results show that the beach morphology exhibits significant seasonal variations before beach nourishments. Specifically, the period from post-typhoon to the end of winter was featured by extensive accretion in upper and middle beach, with a maximum accretion height of 0.97 m. Meanwhile, the top and bottom of the beaches showed slight erosion, with erosion depths generally less than 0.3 m. Beach berms formed in the northern Dongsha and southern Nansha profiles. From spring to pre-typhoon season, the middle beach was eroded while the upper and lower beach were silted up, with the maximum erosion depth and accretion height of approximately 0.8 and 0.5 m, respectively. During the typhoon season, intense erosion occurred in the upper and middle parts of the beaches, with maximum erosion depth exceeding 1.0 m, while the lower parts experienced accretion, with maximum accretion height around 0.45 m, forming typical storm profiles. From November 2012 to November 2015, significant inter-annual morphological changes were observed in southern Dongsha and northern Nansha with localized erosion depths exceeding 1.0 m, which indicates erosion risks. In contrast, Qiansha, Lisha, and Qingsha exhibited dynamic equilibrium state with morphological changes ranged between −0.6 m and 0.4 m. Additionally, the morphological evolution of the beaches was jointly controlled by tides and waves, with geomorphological conditions and human activities further influencing the morphological features. Dongsha, being less sheltered by headlands, experienced stronger hydrodynamic forces and more intense morphological changes. Human activities may contribute to the erosion in Dongsha and Nansha, highlighting the importance of scientifically design of artificial structures to maintain the natural dynamic balance of the beaches.

       

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