Spatial differences and formation conditions of beach mudding and blackening in Sanya Bay
-
摘要: 三亚湾海滩泥黑化问题由来已久，严重影响了三亚市旅游资源可持续发展，受到社会各界的广泛关注。通过水动力数值模拟、现场原位观测和取样分析等手段，系统地研究海滩泥黑化空间差异及形成条件，可为海滩综合整治提供科学依据。三亚湾海流主要为EW向往复流，海湾中部与外部均以落潮优势为主，最大流速可达1.0 m/s，湾内涨落潮流速均＜0.1 m/s，最大余流流速更是低至0.02 m/s，局部地区如天涯海角与鹿回头南侧存在流速高值区，其中天涯海角处余流为离岸运动。基于野外实地踏勘与室内测试分析结果发现，三亚湾东、西部海滩的泥黑化程度相对中部较高。可将整个海湾划分为东部条带黑化区、中部正常区和西部斑状黑化区，由东至西各分区钛铁矿平均含量分别为0.35%、0.58%和2.08%，有机碳平均含量为0.20%、0.10%和0.07%，总氮平均含量为0.011%、0.006%和0.004%。三亚湾海滩西部黑化主要是由于重有色矿物钛铁矿的机械搬运与分选富集，其物质来源于马岭滨海钛铁砂矿，该处波浪能集中，钛铁矿经波浪悬扬后在EW向潮流的往复搬运下到达周边岸滩引起海滩黑化；有机质在厌氧菌作用下与细颗粒泥沙胶结后形成腐泥，使三亚湾东部海滩变黑变硬，污染物主要来源于局地生活污水排放与海底污泥再悬浮搬运，该海域海水自净能力低下是海滩黑化的重要促进因素。Abstract: The beach mudding and blackening in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, South China has been a problem for a long time, which seriously affected the sustainable development of local tourism resort and caused widespread public concern. Through hydrodynamic numerical simulation, on-site in-situ observation, and sample analysis, we conducted a systematic research on the spatial differences and formation conditions of beach mudding and blackening to remediate the beach. The numerical simulation of tidal currents showed that the currents in Sanya Bay are mainly east-west reciprocating. Both the central and outer parts of the bay are dominated by ebb tides, and the maximum flow velocity can reach 1.0 m/s, whereas the fluctuating tidal velocity inside the bay is less than 0.1 m/s, where the maximum residual current is as low to 0.02 m/s. In some areas, such as Tianya Haijiao and the south side of Luhuitou, there are areas with high flow velocity, and the residual current is offshore movement in Tianya Haijiao. In addition, field survey and lab analysis showed that the degree of blackening in the east and west beaches of Sanya Bay is relatively higher than that in the central part. The entire bay can be divided into eastern stripped blackening zone, central normal zone, and western patchy blackening zone. The average content of ilmenite from east to west zone is 0.35%, 0.58%, and 2.08%, and the average content of organic carbon is 0.20%, 0.10%, and 0.07%, the average total nitrogen content is 0.011%, 0.006%, and 0.004%, respectively. The blackening of the west beach is mainly due to the mechanical transportation, sorting, and enrichment of non-ferrous mineral ilmenite. The material comes from the Maling coastal ilmenite placer, where the wave energy is concentrated. Under the strong waves, ilmenite grains could reach and blacken the surrounding beaches under the reciprocating movement of east-west tidal currents. The organic matter is attached to fine-grained sand to form sapropel under the works of anaerobic bacteria, which makes the eastern beaches of Sanya Bay black and stiff. Pollutants are mainly from the local domestic sewage discharge and the resuspension of submarine sludge; the low self-purification ability of sea water in this coastal area is an important factor in aggravating beach blackening.
-
Keywords:
- Sanya Bay Beach /
- blacken /
- numerical simulation /
- ilmenite /
- sapropel
-
-
![]()
图 1 站位部署图与现场照片
右侧海滩照片序号对应左图分区位置：①位于东部海滩，典型特征为条带状黑化；②位于中部海滩，无明显泥黑化；③位于西部海滩，典型特征为斑状黑化
Figure 1. Site deployment map and field photos
![]()
图 2 北部湾（左）与三亚湾（右）海域模型水深
Figure 2. Model depth of Beibu Gulf （left） and Sanya Bay （right)
![]()
图 5 三亚湾海域涨急（上）与落急（下）流速矢量图
Figure 5. The vector diagrams of the flood tide （top） and ebb tide （bottom） in Sanya Bay
![]()
图 8 表层沉积物中有机碳含量分布图
Figure 8. Distribution of organic carbon content in surface sediments
![]()
图 9 废弃冲沟处海滩沉积物底部埋藏腐泥
上图为三亚湾中部海滩废弃冲沟，下图为冲沟处海滩垂向剖面，可见深度约20 cm处出现埋藏腐泥
Figure 9. Buried sapropel at the bottom of beach sediments in abandoned gullies
表 1 三亚湾海滩各分区表层沉积物测试结果
Table 1 Surface sediments sample analysis results in each sub-district of Sanya Bay Beach
% 分区 有机碳 总氮 钛铁矿 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 东部 0.25 0.11 0.20 0.014 0.007 0.011 1.25 0.16 0.35 中部 0.16 0.06 0.10 0.009 0.003 0.006 2.34 0.15 0.58 西部 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.006 0.002 0.004 7.41 0.16 2.08 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 毛龙江,张永战,张振克,等. 海南岛三亚湾现代沉积环境[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(4):17-22. [2] 王俊强,施浩,王沛政. 三亚湾沙滩沙子黑化研究分析[J]. 技术与市场,2016,23(11):31-32. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8554.2016.11.013 [3] 龚玉萌. 泥化沙滩的修复研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2019: 86. [4] 付博新,刘林. 漳州南太武海滩泥化综合整治[J]. 水运工程,2016(10):50-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4972.2016.10.010 [5] 崔振昂,吴自军,李亮,等. 三亚湾海滩泥黑化调查评价[J]. 地质评论,2020,66(S1):157-158. [6] 霍兰. 大气和海洋化学[M]. 初汉平, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 1986: 343. [7] 卞培旺,陈法锦,张叶春,等. 海底表层沉积物腐蚀性环境特征与评估:以三亚湾为例[J]. 海洋环境科学,2020,39(4):563-569. DOI: 10.12111/j.mes.20190010 [8] 李力,李占钊. 海南三亚湾海岸地貌与沉积环境研究进展[J]. 自然科学,2016,4(4):392-400. [9] 林明坤,林川善,潘燕俊,等. 海南省东部浅海锆钛砂矿物特征及成矿条件浅析[J]. 西部探矿工程,2016,28(11):141-143. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5716.2016.11.047 [10] 佚名. 海南钛铁矿占全国70%矿产资源优势明显[J]. 钛工业进展,2007,24(3):28. [11] 毛龙江,张永战,魏灵,等. 海南岛三亚湾海滩研究[J]. 第四纪研究,2006,26(3):477-484. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2006.03.020 [12] 李喜海,梁海燕. 三亚湾海岸侵蚀原因分析及防治对策[J]. 海洋开发与管理,2008,12:105-108. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9857.2008.03.024 [13] 段依妮,腾骏华,蔡文博. 基于潮位观测的三亚湾海岸侵蚀遥感提取与分析[J]. 海洋预报,2016,33(3):57-64. DOI: 10.11737/j.issn.1003-0239.2016.03.008 [14] 刘文涛,杨永鹏. 海南三亚湾-红塘湾海岸地形季节性变化和极端天气下变化特征[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2021,51(S1):60-67. [15] WEISS A. Organic Derivatives of Clay Minerals, Zeolites, and Related Minerals[M]. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1969: 737-781.
[16] PAPADOPOULOS A, PARISSOPOULOS G, PAPADOPOULOS F, et al. Variations of COD/BOD5 ratio at different units of a wastewater stabilization pond pilot treatment facility[C]//Proceeding of 7th international conference on environmental science and technology ermoupolis, 2001: 16-19.
[17] MULLER A,ULRIKE M. The palaeoenviron-ments of coastal lagoons in the southern Baltic Sea:the application of sedimentary C/N ratios as source indications of organic matter[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1999,145:1-16. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00094-7
[18] ANDREWS J E,GREENAWAY A M,DENNIS P F. Combined carbon isotope and C/N ratios as indicators of source and fate of organic matter in a poorly flushed, tropical estuary:Hunts Bay, Kingston Harbour, Jamaica[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,1998,46(5):743-756. DOI: 10.1006/ecss.1997.0305
[19] 甘华阳,何海军,张卫坤,等. 三亚河沉积物中重金属生态风险评价与污染历史[J]. 生态环境学报,2015,24(11):1878-1885. [20] 唐艳,胡小贞,卢少勇. 污染底泥原位覆盖技术综述[J]. 生态学杂志,2007,26(7):1125-1128. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2007.07.028 [21] 段余杰,刘小宁,陈光耀,等. 底泥再悬浮对上覆水水质的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2017,26(5):837-842. -
期刊类型引用(4)
1. 黄伊恒，王永红. 青岛石老人海滩表层沉积物原位磁化率时空变化及其对重金属污染的指示. 海洋地质前沿. 2025(01): 11-20 . 
本站查看
2. 王蒙，王兴华，李翔，赵茜，李格乐，王辉，殷安齐. 三亚湾近岸海域浮游甲藻与水环境因子相关性研究. 海洋科学进展. 2024(04): 709-724 . 百度学术
3. 胡庆，唐国乐，郑川贵. 基于三维水动力模型的海砂开采对海洋环境的影响分析. 中国新技术新产品. 2023(08): 55-57 . 百度学术
4. 高琛，胡梦茜，吴自军. 三亚湾海滩黑化形成机制：铁氧化物与有机质的相互作用. 海洋地质前沿. 2022(08): 28-36 . 本站查看
其他类型引用(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 277
- HTML全文浏览量: 14
- PDF下载量: 35
- 被引次数: 7
