基于精细数据处理的叠前深度偏移在琼东南盆地陵水凹陷坡折区的应用

    APPLICATION OF PRESTACK DEPTH MIGRATION BASED ON FINE DATA PROCESSING TO THE SLOPE AREA OF LINGSHUI SAG, QIONGDONGNAN BASIN

    • 摘要: 琼东南盆地陵水凹陷,受坡折区崎岖海底和复杂地质构造的影响,导致该地区速度模型构建精度不高,从而严重影响到成像品质。针对坡折区的精确速度模型构建难题,首先采用组合多次波衰减、宽频处理、叠前信噪比增强等针对性处理技术,得到宽频带高信噪比的叠前数据,在此基础上统计分析不同水深速度规律,应用断控和地质约束速度建模技术,建立初始速度模型,然后利用基于宽频数据的高分辨断控约束网格层析反演技术,经过多次迭代完成深度域各向异性速度建模,并实现了陵水凹陷坡折区的高精度叠前深度偏移成像。叠前深度偏移成像显示,基于精细速度模型的叠前深度偏移技术科明显提高坡折区信噪比,改善成像质量,同时可有效消除地层同相轴扭曲的现象,恢复了地下地层的真实构造形态,从而可为目标评价与钻探决策提供更可靠地震资料。

       

      Abstract: The slope break of the Lingshui Sag in the southeastern Qiongnan Basin is characterized by complicated topographic and geomorphological features on seabed and structural deformations in middle and deep parts, that leads to the low precision of seismic velocity models in this area.The quality of images is seriously affected as the result. In order to build an accurate velocity model for the area, this paper for the first time used an integrated method, which includes multiple attenuation, broadband processing, pre-stack signal-to-noise ratio enhancement and other specific processing techniques, to obtain a broadband high signal-to-noise ratio pre-stack data set.The initial velocity model of pre-stack depth migration is then established on this basis by using velocity statistics and trend constrained modeling techniques.High-resolution grid tomographic inversion technique based on broadband data is used to establish the optimal high-precision velocity model. Finally high-precision prestack depth migration imaging is realized. The pre-stack depth migration profile based on the velocity model shows that the technology of pre-stack depth migration based on the fine velocity model can obviously improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the slope break area and the imaging quality, and effectively eliminate the formation coaxial distortion. The true structures of underground strata are reconstructed, which may provide more reliable seismic data for target evaluation and drilling decision-making.

       

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