王建,张军强,衣伟虹,等. 莱州湾以南表层土壤重金属分布与生态风险[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2022,38(9):37-47. DOI: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.223
    引用本文: 王建,张军强,衣伟虹,等. 莱州湾以南表层土壤重金属分布与生态风险[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2022,38(9):37-47. DOI: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.223
    WANG Jian, ZHANG Junqiang, YI Weihong, et al. Distribution and ecological risks assessment of heavy metals in surface soils in the areas south of Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(9): 37-47. DOI: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.223
    Citation: WANG Jian, ZHANG Junqiang, YI Weihong, et al. Distribution and ecological risks assessment of heavy metals in surface soils in the areas south of Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(9): 37-47. DOI: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.223

    莱州湾以南表层土壤重金属分布与生态风险

    Distribution and ecological risks assessment of heavy metals in surface soils in the areas south of Laizhou Bay

    • 摘要: 基于莱州湾以南地区1 600个点位表层土壤样品调查数据,分析其 8种重金属元素的分布特征、来源、生态风险及污染状况。研究结果表明:莱州湾以南表层土壤8种重金属平均质量浓度由大到小依次为Cr>Zn>Ni>Pb >Cu>As>Cd>Hg;重金属高值区主要分布于中西部、西部和西南部地区,东部、东南部和东北部地区相对较低,北部地区含量最低;土壤pH值展示出从南向北升高的趋势。单因子平均污染指数大小顺序为 Ni>As>Cr>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Hg;重金属元素的单因子平均污染指数均<0.7,污染水平属于清洁。单因子潜在生态危害指数依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn。研究区大部分区域为低潜在生态风险程度区,中、重及严重潜在生态风险程度区则呈点状、零星分布。土壤重金属元素主要受地质背景控制;其次,人类活动,包括农业生产中化肥和农药的使用,化工、矿山等行业排放的污水以及汽车尾气、轮胎磨损等,也是重金属重要来源。必须加强对莱州湾南部重点地区重金属元素的监测和预警,制定出针对性的治理和修复措施,保证该地区不受重金属污染的威胁。

       

      Abstract: Based on the survey data of surface soil obtained from 1 600 sampling sites in the land areas south of the Laizhou Bay, we analyzed the spatial characteristics, sources, ecological risks, and pollution status of 8 heavy metals. Results show that, in terms of concentration, the 8 elements followed an order of Cr > Zn> Ni> Pb> Cu > As> Cd> Hg. The high-value of heavy metals distribute in the mid-west, west, and southwest of the studied area, and the values are lower in the east, southeast and northeast, and the lowest in the north. The pH value of the soil reveals a rising trend from south to north. Single-factor pollution index of the 8 elements followed an order of Ni > As> Cr > Zn >Cu > Cd > Pb > Hg. The average of single-factor pollution index of the 8 elements are all lower than 0.7, indicating the clean level in China’s national standard of environmental pollution. In terms of the single-factor potential ecological risks, the 8 elements followed an order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn. Most of the studied areas are of low potential ecological risks. The areas of middle, heavy, and serious potential ecological risks are of punctate or sporadic distribution. The heavy metals in the surface soil were controlled by the geological background in the first place. Next, the heavy metals were brought in by human activities such as chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals from agricultural activities and from sewage of local chemical industry and mining, and automobile exhaustion and tire wear. Therefore, it is essential to intensify monitoring and early-warning of heavy metal pollution in the land areas south of Laizhou Bay, and work out case-specific control and remediation measures, to ensure the studied area free from heavy metal pollution.

       

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