Abstract: Based on the study of regional geology and evolutionary history of the adjacent basins, we studied the tectonic evolution and stratigraphic distribution pattern of the Western Depression of the Taixi Basin in this paper, using the comparative study of geological and geophysical characteristics as a main tool. Results show that the Western Depression has experienced five phases of tectonic evolution, and there are three sets of source rocks and four sets of reservoir-seal systems in the Meso-Cenozoic. Tectonic evolution is the main factor in control over the formation of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir-seal systems. The Western Depression is tectonically composed of two dustpan-shaped rifts. The western slope of the depression is a favorable area for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and there are different types of traps. Therefore, the exploration potential is high there.